The rapid development of the pig farming industry has significantly heightened pig farm owners'awareness of environmental protection.Today,properly managing and fully utilizing pig farm manure has become their top environmental priority.When building new pig farms,environmental concerns can be integrated into the design phase;meanwhile,existing farms must reassess and optimize their manure management strategies.Given the varying conditions of pig farming practices and regional resource-environmental contexts,it is particularly crucial to develop pig farming development plans tailored to local circumstances.At the same time,based on farming techniques and environmental capacity,the key lies in selecting economically viable models for the resourceful utilization of pig farm manure—aiming to reduce emissions at the source,strengthen process controls,and ultimately achieve effective end-of-pipe utilization.
1.Combining Dry Manure Removal with Agricultural Land Use
This model primarily involves mechanically or manually removing manure,followed by collecting and sweeping it up before transporting it to a manure storage shed for composting and fermentation.Meanwhile,urine or wash wastewater is temporarily stored in retention ponds.After this comprehensive treatment process,both the manure and urine are ultimately applied directly to agricultural fields,enabling the efficient utilization of these valuable resources.
1.Brief Overview of the Process Flow
This model first involves manually or mechanically removing manure,followed by sweeping and transporting the collected waste to a manure storage shed for composting and fermentation.Meanwhile,urine and washwater are temporarily stored in dedicated reservoirs.After this comprehensive process,the treated manure and urine are directly applied to agricultural fields,enabling the efficient recycling of resources.
2.Key Points of Core Technology
During the planning and construction phase of pig farms,it is essential to fully consider the principles of rainwater-sewage separation and clean-contaminated waste channel isolation,ensuring that both manual and mechanical manure removal can achieve the goal of daily collection and disposal.Subsequently,the manure undergoes composting and fermentation in a manure storage shed for 5 to 6 months,while the urine is allowed to settle in a storage pond for the same period before it can be used.Additionally,the direct application of composted manure and urine must be strictly controlled:no more than the amount produced by 5 market-ready pigs per acre of land annually should be applied,and this same standard must also be adhered to for annual manure application rates per acre.
3.Scope of Application
This law primarily applies to pig farms with an annual output of fewer than 10,000 pigs,especially small and medium-sized family-run operations that have ample land resources or agricultural fields.
II.Combining Dry Manure Removal with Composting and Fermentation for Biogas Production and Agricultural Field Application Techniques
This method ingeniously separates pig farm manure from wastewater for independent treatment.Through natural drying,off-site composting fermentation,and high-temperature aeration processes—combined with biological characteristics and mechanized technologies—the pig manure is thoroughly decomposed by naturally occurring or inoculated microorganisms,ultimately transforming it into premium-quality organic fertilizer.Meanwhile,the wastewater undergoes anaerobic fermentation to produce biogas,which can be utilized for power generation.The temporarily stored and purified biogas slurry is then efficiently employed for agricultural irrigation.
1.Detailed Explanation of the Technical Process
Through a comprehensive process flow—including natural drying,ex-situ composting fermentation,and high-temperature aeration—combined with biological characteristics and mechanized operations,this technology can fully mature pig manure and transform it into high-quality organic fertilizer.Meanwhile,wastewater undergoes anaerobic fermentation to produce biogas,which can be used for power generation,while the temporarily stored and purified biogas slurry is efficiently utilized for agricultural irrigation.
2.Core Process Analysis
Pig manure is removed from the pig houses either manually or mechanically and then transported collectively to a manure storage shed for piling and storage.Before fermentation begins,the manure must be evenly mixed with auxiliary materials—such as leftover feed,wood shavings,rice husks,and other additives—as well as fermentation starter cultures.After mixing,a turning machine is used to turn the manure pile 1 to 2 times daily.The frequency of turning increases to once daily during summer,while in winter and spring it is reduced to once every two days.If high-temperature fermentation is required,an aeration system installed along the sides of the fermentation tank can be activated to regulate temperature and boost oxygen levels,ensuring that the fermentation process maintains a temperature range of 55°C to 65°C.After passing through urine filtration,the wastewater from the biogas digester undergoes multiple purification steps,including natural oxidation,microbial degradation,and plant-based adsorption.The resulting treated biogas slurry is then diluted appropriately before being safely used for agricultural irrigation.Meanwhile,the collected biogas can be utilized to generate electricity or serve as a clean energy source for biogas boilers.
3.Scope of Application
This model is typically suitable for large-scale pig farms that annually produce more than 10,000 pigs.
3.Urine-and-Feces Collection+Dry-Wet Separation+Biogas Production+Agricultural Land Utilization Model
In this model,pig farm manure and urine automatically flow into a dedicated slotted floor system and then into a manure channel for mixed collection.Subsequently,dry-wet separation technology is employed to treat the collected waste—converting the solid fraction into compost,while the liquid portion is used for biogas fermentation.This approach not only reduces the labor required for manual manure removal but also minimizes wastewater generation at its source.By effectively separating solids from liquids,the model successfully achieves waste reduction,harmlessness,and resource recovery from livestock effluents.
1.Brief Overview of the Process Flow
Under this model,pig farm manure and urine are directly channeled into manure trenches through specially designed slatted floors for mixed collection.Subsequently,dry-wet separation technology is employed to treat the collected waste:the solid fraction is converted into compost,while the liquid portion is further processed for biogas fermentation.This innovative process not only significantly reduces the labor required for manual manure removal but also minimizes wastewater generation at its source.By leveraging solid-liquid separation technology,the model successfully achieves waste reduction,harmless treatment,and resource recovery from livestock effluents.
2.Core Technology Analysis
In the urine-and-manure pig houses,more than two-thirds—or even all—of the floor area(excluding walkways)is covered with slatted flooring.This design allows feces and urine to drain directly into manure channels below.The facility is also equipped with a ventilation system and sensor devices:whenever the concentration of harmful gases exceeds preset levels,the exhaust fans automatically activate to ensure fresh air circulation and maintain optimal indoor air quality.The waste discharged from the manure channels first enters an equalization tank for thorough mixing,after which it’s transported via pipelines to a solid-liquid separator for processing.The separated solid material undergoes composting and fermentation over a period of 5 to 6 months before being either sold directly or used to produce organic fertilizer.Meanwhile,the separated liquid fraction is sent to an anaerobic digester,where it undergoes controlled fermentation to generate biogas.After being stored for 150 days,a portion of the resulting biogas slurry is reused to flush the manure channels,thereby closing the loop and enabling sustainable resource recycling.
3.Scope of Application
This method is particularly suitable for large-scale pig farms that annually produce more than 10,000 pigs.However,during implementation,it is essential to closely monitor the environmental conditions within the pig houses,ensuring effective control of harmful gas emissions to prevent contamination of the internal farm environment.
4.Urine-Biogas-Farmland Utilization Model
Under this model,pig farm manure and urine are collected together and then entirely sent to a biogas digester for professional treatment.The treated biogas slurry and digestate are subsequently efficiently utilized in agricultural fields.This approach eliminates the need for manure removal,significantly reducing labor costs on the farm while also making it easier to organize large-scale,industrialized production.Moreover,since there’s no separate dry-wet separation process—allowing all manure and urine to undergo biogas treatment—the overall gas yield is markedly enhanced.
1.Detailed Explanation of the Process Flow
Under this model of urine-manure-to-biogas-to-farm-field utilization,pig farm waste is first collected centrally and then entirely sent to a specialized biogas digester for processing.Through advanced,professional techniques,the resulting biogas slurry and digestate are efficiently applied to agricultural fields,enabling the circular use of resources.This approach not only simplifies the manure removal process,reducing labor costs for farms,but also supports large-scale,industrialized production.Moreover,since all waste—both urine and feces—is treated via biogas production without the need for separate dry-wet separation,it significantly boosts biogas output.
2.Core Technology Analysis
The pigsty features a slatted floor design,with manure collection channels installed beneath the floor.It is also equipped with either duct-based or compartmentalized ventilation systems.Manure and wastewater naturally flow through the slats into a main drainage channel,then are piped directly to an anaerobic digestion tank for fermentation.During this process,the resulting biogas is captured and used to generate electricity.After being stored for more than three months,the digestate can be safely applied to agricultural fields for irrigation,while the remaining digestate residue is utilized as a high-quality organic fertilizer—effectively closing the loop and maximizing resource utilization.
3.Scope of Application
This technology is suitable for large-scale pig farms,particularly those with a herd size exceeding 10,000 pigs.However,during implementation,special attention must be paid to environmental control within the pig houses to effectively prevent harmful gases generated from accumulated manure from contaminating the farm environment.
V.Urine-Feces Combined with Dry-Wet Separation and Agricultural Land Utilization
This technology involves using slatted floors to collect manure and urine from pig houses,followed by a separation of solid and liquid fractions.The separated solids are then converted into compost,while the liquid fraction is directed into storage tanks for temporary holding.While this method resembles the traditional"manure removal+composting fermentation+field application"process,it differs in that the former employs a dry-manure collection approach—where manure and urine are collected and processed separately—whereas the latter uses a urine-soaked manure system,in which feces and urine are collected together before being separated into solid and liquid components through a subsequent dry-wet separation process.
1.Overview of the Process Flow
In the process of implementing the urine-pig manure combined with dry-wet separation and subsequent utilization in agricultural fields,the key technological steps are outlined below.First,the pig manure and urine from the pigsty are efficiently collected through slatted flooring.Next,the collected waste undergoes dry-wet separation,effectively dividing it into solid and liquid fractions.The separated solid fraction is then further processed into compost,while the liquid portion is directed to storage tanks for temporary holding.This streamlined approach not only enhances the efficiency of manure and urine management but also facilitates the recycling and reuse of valuable resources.
2.Key Points of Core Technology
The pigsty floor features a uniquely designed,ingeniously crafted system:it’s fitted with slatted flooring,beneath which cleverly arranged manure drainage channels are installed.Paired with this is an efficient pipeline-or compartment-style ventilation system.Once the manure and waste are collected and thoroughly mixed in a regulating tank,they’re then conveyed via pipes to a specialized dry-wet separation machine for solid-liquid separation.After 5 to 6 months of meticulous composting and fermentation,the resulting solid material can either be sold directly or further processed into high-quality organic fertilizer.Meanwhile,the liquid fraction undergoes 150 days of natural sedimentation and purification before being safely reused for agricultural irrigation—closing the loop and enabling the sustainable,efficient reuse of resources.
3.Scope of Application
This method is suitable for small-to medium-sized pig farms with an annual output of fewer than 5,000 pigs.
6.Urine-and-Feces Collection+Liquid Compost+Agricultural Field Application
In small-to medium-sized pig farms,a common method for managing manure is to collect the mixed feces and urine directly without separating solids from liquids.Instead,the entire mixture is sent straight to storage ponds for prolonged fermentation and decomposition.Once fully decomposed,the resulting manure is directly applied to agricultural fields.This approach essentially falls under the category of liquid composting,and its fermentation process typically takes longer compared to solid composting methods.Such treatment techniques are widely practiced in small-scale pig farms both domestically and internationally.
1.Processing Technology Flow
In small-to medium-scale pig farms,the combined treatment method of urine-soaked manure and liquid compost follows a specific process flow.First,the farm’s feces and urine are mixed and collected directly—without undergoing solid-liquid separation—before being transferred to storage tanks for prolonged fermentation and decomposition.Once the manure has fully matured,it is applied directly to agricultural fields via on-farm utilization,effectively closing the loop for sustainable resource recycling.This approach is not only widely adopted in small-scale pig farms both domestically and internationally but also plays a crucial role in promoting sustainable agricultural development.
2.Key Technical Points
The pigsty floor features a slatted design,with manure drainage channels located beneath.It is also equipped with either ducted or spaced ventilation systems.Thanks to these innovative designs,feces and urine can flow smoothly through the slatted floor into the drainage channels,where they are stored for 3 to 5 months before being transferred to storage tanks for an additional period of more than 6 months.This advanced setup ensures that manure and urine are efficiently and safely treated and utilized.
3.Scope of Application
This law applies to pig farms with an annual output of fewer than 2,000 pigs,and the farms must be located away from villages or residential areas.
7.Traditional Fermented Bed Raising
Fermented-bed farming is an environmentally friendly livestock-raising model.It utilizes agricultural wastes such as sawdust,rice husks,and straw,combined with specialized microbial preparations,to create bedding material.Livestock and poultry move freely on this bedding,where their feces and urine are directly deposited.Beneficial microorganisms in the bedding efficiently break down these organic wastes,eliminating the need for manure removal or wastewater treatment.As a result,the farm achieves zero waste discharge on-site,delivering true pollution-free and emission-free environmental benefits.At the same time,this farming method significantly enhances the living environment and welfare of pigs.Currently,mechanical turning of the bedding—commonly used in large-scale pens—has become widely adopted,effectively addressing the labor-intensive challenges associated with traditional manual turning methods.
1.The Process Flow of Fermentation Bed Raising
The process flow of fermented-bed livestock farming primarily includes several key steps:preparing the bedding material,laying out the fermentation bed,raising livestock and poultry,and implementing daily management practices.First,agricultural wastes such as sawdust,rice husks,and straw are combined with microbial agents and undergo a fermentation process to create bedding material that boasts excellent degradation capabilities.Next,this bedding is spread out to form the fermentation bed,where livestock and poultry can freely move about.During the rearing process,animal waste—including feces and urine—is directly discharged onto the bedding,where it is rapidly broken down by the beneficial microorganisms present,transforming into valuable organic matter.Finally,through routine management tasks like regularly turning the bedding and adjusting environmental conditions,the fermentation bed is maintained in optimal condition,ultimately achieving environmentally friendly and highly efficient livestock production.
2.Key Technical Details
Fermentation beds are typically designed to be either underground or semi-underground,with a depth set at 100 centimeters.When constructing the fermentation bed,bedding material is a key component—commonly consisting of wood shavings and rice husks,mixed in a 3:2 ratio.During the laying process,start by spreading a layer of rice husks or straw at the bottom of the bed to ensure proper ventilation;then add another layer of wood shavings on top to enhance the bedding's water-absorbing capacity.Each layer of bedding should be kept between 10 and 20 centimeters thick.After completion,evenly distribute the sawdust and rice husk mixture,and carefully monitor the moisture level of the bedding.If the bed surface sinks by 5 to 10 centimeters,promptly replenish the bedding material to maintain the bed's stability and functionality.
3.Scope of Application
This fermented bed farming technology is suitable for pig farms with an annual output of fewer than 5,000 pigs.During implementation,it’s essential to monitor stocking density carefully and ensure that pigs receive standard immunization and disinfection measures.
8.Elevated Off-site Fermentation Bed Inside the Shed
Building on traditional fermented-bed farming techniques,we’ve introduced innovative improvements.This enhanced fermentation-bed design ensures that the bedding material doesn’t come into direct contact with live pigs,simplifying the pigsty cleaning process.Pig manure and urine are collected via elevated slatted floors and directed straight into the lower layer of bedding,where they undergo fermentation,decomposition,and harmless treatment.After a period of time,this treated bedding can be directly used as organic fertilizer in agricultural fields.This elevated fermentation-bed system is particularly well-suited for larger-scale farms.
Additionally,we have explored the outdoor fermentation bed model.This approach separates pig farming from the fermentation treatment of manure by establishing a dedicated bedding fermentation facility outside the pig house.In this model,pigs do not come into direct contact with the bedding material—instead,farm waste is collected and then evenly sprayed onto the bedding using a submersible pump for bio-fermentation treatment.This innovative,eco-friendly pig-raising method has gained widespread adoption in recent years.Not only does it significantly reduce odor emissions and improve environmental conditions,but it also offers advantages such as low investment,simple operation,and no need for manual manure cleaning.Compared to traditional fermentation beds or indoor elevated off-site fermentation systems,this model demonstrates remarkable benefits in terms of disinfection,respiratory disease prevention,and reduced costs associated with pig house renovations.As a result,it paves the way for more sustainable and environmentally friendly development in the pig farming industry.
Detailed Explanation of the Manufacturing Process
The process flow of this outdoor fermentation-bed model is as follows:First,manure from the pig farm is efficiently collected and then evenly sprayed throughout a dedicated bedding-material fermentation shed using a submersible pump.Next,biological microorganisms are applied to initiate the fermentation process,which not only significantly reduces odor emissions but also enhances the overall farming environment.Additionally,this model boasts advantages such as low investment,simple operation,and the elimination of the need for manual manure cleaning,offering a fresh,eco-friendly solution for the sustainable development of the pig farming industry.
2.Key Points of Core Technology
In the outdoor fermentation bed system,pig farm manure is collected centrally and then transported via PVC pipes to the greenhouse fermentation beds for even distribution through spraying.To ensure the proper functioning of the fermentation bed,it’s necessary to regularly replenish fresh bedding material and microbial inoculants based on the consumption rate of the existing bedding.Typically,a well-maintained fermentation bed can last for about three years.
3.Scope of Application
This method is suitable for small-to medium-sized pig farms,and it is recommended to use workers or a mini-tiller for turning and raking operations to help reduce operational costs.
9.Vertical Fermentation Tank
The vertical fermentation tank is a highly efficient,integrated sludge treatment device primarily designed for high-temperature aerobic fermentation of waste materials such as livestock and poultry manure,food residues,and domestic sewage sludge.By leveraging the activity of microorganisms,this equipment effectively biodegrades organic matter in the waste,enabling harmless treatment,stabilization,volume reduction,and resource recovery.Its working principle involves mixing waste materials,biomass,and recycled feedstock at specific proportions until the moisture content reaches the design target of 60–65%,after which the mixture is fed into the three-dimensional aerobic system.By precisely controlling factors like moisture levels,oxygen supply,and temperature fluctuations,the material undergoes thorough aerobic fermentation and decomposition.During this process,the heat generated naturally raises the sludge's temperature—peaking at up to 80°C.As the temperature rises,moisture within the sludge evaporates,while some organic compounds are broken down,significantly reducing the overall volume of the material and achieving effective waste minimization.Meanwhile,through continuous ventilation,oxygenation,and agitation,the equipment maintains the optimal fermentation temperature range of 55–60°C.At this ideal temperature,most pathogenic bacteria and parasites present in the sludge are eradicated.Additionally,an advanced odor-control system employs biological methods to purify emitted gases,ensuring that the final product meets stringent environmental standards for harmlessness.Ultimately,the end product of high-temperature aerobic fermentation can be widely utilized in applications such as soil improvement,landscape gardening,and even as cover material for landfill sites.
1.Process Flow Analysis
The efficient processing flow of the vertical fermentation tank involves several key steps.First,waste materials,biomass,and recycled substances are scientifically blended in precise proportions,ensuring that the moisture content is maintained within the optimal range of 60–65%.The mixture is then fed into a three-dimensional aerobic fermentation system.During this process,careful control of the raw materials'moisture levels,oxygen concentration,and temperature fluctuations promotes thorough aerobic decomposition of the materials.As decomposition progresses,the sludge itself gradually heats up,reaching temperatures as high as 80°C—effectively eliminating pathogens and parasites while simultaneously reducing the overall volume of the material through evaporation of water and partial breakdown of organic matter,thus achieving waste minimization.Meanwhile,the equipment's integrated functions—such as ventilation,oxygenation,and agitation—work synergistically to keep the temperature consistently within the ideal fermentation range of 55–60°C.Additionally,a complementary bio-deodorization system treats emitted gases,guaranteeing harmless discharge into the environment.Ultimately,the product resulting from high-temperature aerobic fermentation finds extensive applications in areas such as soil improvement,landscape gardening,and landfill cover soils.
2.Core Technology
In the efficient processing workflow of vertical fermentation tanks,key technologies play a crucial role.These technologies not only involve meticulous operations such as scientifically optimizing raw material ratios and controlling moisture levels,but also include real-time monitoring and precise adjustments of temperature,oxygen concentration,and ventilation conditions during the fermentation process.Through the synergistic effects of these core technologies,aerobic fermentation of materials is ensured to proceed efficiently and steadily,thereby enabling the resourceful utilization and reduced-volume treatment of waste.
1.Utilizing high-temperature aerobic fermentation technology and leveraging highly efficient microbial communities,we achieve low-energy-consumption,cost-effective fermentation processing.
2.The equipment is compact,occupies a small footprint,features high automation,and can be easily operated by a single person to manage the entire fermentation process.
3.Equipped with a biological odor-control system to ensure gas emissions meet standards and eliminate secondary pollution;
4.The main structural insulation design,combined with auxiliary heating measures,ensures that the equipment can continue to operate stably even in low-temperature environments.